Tractor supported and driven saw mechanism



May 23, 1950 R. J. FAULKNER 2,509,092

TRACTOR SUPPORTED AND DRIVEN SAW MECHANISM Filed Nov. 7. 1946 10 sheets' sheet l Rd.l.

May 23', 1950 R. J. FAULKNER 2,509,092 TRACTOR SUPPORTED AND DRIVEN SAW MECHANISM Filed Nov. 7. 1946 10 Sheets-Sheet 2 May 23, 1950 R. J. FAULKNER I TRACTOR SUPPORTED AND DRIVEN SAW MECHANISM Filed Nov. 7. 1946 10 Sheets-Sheet 3 QQN @N an vm Pic/card I lhulklzer TRACTOR SUPPORTED AND DRIVEN SAW MECHANISM y 23, 1950 R. J. FAULKNER 2.50 2

TRACTOR SUPPORTED AND DRIVEN SAW MECHANISM Filed NOV. 7. 1946 May 23, 1950 R. J. FAULKNER 2,509,092

TRACTOR SUPPORTED AND DRIVEN SAW MECHANISM Filed Nov. 7. 1946 10 Sheets-Sheet 6 3 wue/Mom RiC/zardIFaul/dzzer .May 23, 1950 R. J. FAULKNER 2. 0

. TRACTOR SUPPORTED AND DRIVEN SAW MECHANISM Filed Nov. 7. 1946 10 Sheets-Shegt 7 22 27 22 II I May 23, 1950 R. J. FAULKNER TRACTOR SUPPORTED AND DRIVEN SAW MECHANISM I 10 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed Nov. 7. 1946 Q Q \\m 7 WOW QNmw hOM QR. 3m QQN m? wi w/ 3 x2 QNNJ an $9 Rm W2 0m May 23, .1950 R. .1. FAULKNER 2,509,092

TRACTDR SUPPORTED AND DRIVEN SAW MECHANISM Filed Nov. '7. 1946 10 Sheets-Sheet 9 Fidl 7.

Filed NOV. 7. 1946 May 23, 1950 R. J. FAULKNER 2,509,092

TRACTOR SUPPORTED AND DRIVEN SAW MECHANISM l0 Sheets-Sheet 10 QYWWOD Rickardl k'zulkzzezw secured to the front end of the tractor, which bracket 29 comprises a pair of arms 32 and 33 having bearings 34 mounted in their free ends for the axle shaft to turn in.

The drive shaft 25 extends across the front end of the tractor 20 and terminates on the opposite side of the tractor from the pulley drive into a universal joint 35. The universal joint 35 connects with a shaft 38 journalled for rotation in the walls 39 and 40, see Fig. 10, of a transmission housing II.

In the housing II, keyed to the shaft 38 is a.

bevel gear N, which meshes with a second bevel gear 65, keyed to an elongated shaft ll to which is secured a disc saw 18. This saw carrying shaft 41 extends axially through the bore of an elongated cylinder 55, which cylinder 59 extends from the transmission housing GI as a part thereof and has formed from its outer cylindrical surface a bracket I. The bracket 5i comprises a fiat fin extending axially from the outer surface of the cylinder 56] and has an opening in its lower end toward the saw 58 and a second opening in vertical alignment with the first mentioned opening. In the lower opening above the saw on a pin is pivoted a link 55 and in the other opening on a pin 56 are pivoted the lugs of a bifurcate bracket 51, which representative link 55 and bracket 51 serve as transmitting members to move the saw 41 to various positions, such as to a horizontal plane or to a vertical with respect to the ground. The precise novel functions of the link and bifurcated bracket 51 will be exsuch as are generally designated by the nuplained more fully after a detailed description mounted in the upper portion of a pair of verti-- cally extending upright angle bars 68 and 69. The bar 88 is connected to one of a pair of similar substantially L-shaped brackets ill and II secured to the front end of the tractor 20 by suitable means, such as bolts I2, see Fig. 2.

The angle bar I39 is secured to a bracket I3, see Fig. 1, which bracket projects from the side of the tractor chassis to a predetermined point rearwardly of the bracket ill at the front end of the tractor. Thus the top bars 62 and 53' are spaced apart at this plane or level in substantially parallel relation.

1 The other ends of the top bars I52 and 53 are pivotally connected to a pair of vertically spaced flat bars 86 and SI of a second frame IE comprising a rectangular arrangement of bars, hereinafter to be described, while the bottom bars 5!] and El are connected pivotally to the lower ends of the flat bars 80 and 8|.

The bottoms bars 68 and 5 I are pivoted on pins 84 and 85, respectively. These pins are mounted in the upright angle bars 68 and 62 in a plane or on a level below the top bars 52 and I3. Rigidly secured to the bottom bars 55 and El are gear sectors 8'! and 88. These gears sectors each are pivoted on one of the respective pins 84 and 85 at the apex of each sector, and as they are rigidly secured to the bars 60 and GI by rivets 89, for

example, will move with these bottom bars as they swing up or down on the pins 84 and 85.

meral 95.

The angle bars 58 and 69 are provided with bearing openings for mounting a pinion shaft 97 to which are keyed pinion gears 98 and 99. These mesh with the sector gears 87 and 88; for example pinion 98 meshes with sector gear 81, so that when the pinion shaft 91 is turned by a rod Iflii with a hand crank IIlI mounted in front of the drivers seat, not shown, the sector gears and attached bars 50 and BI will thus be swung up or down from the plane of the pivot pins 84 and 85. This movement of the bottom bars 6t and GI will cause a like motion to be imparted to the top bars I3 and It by reason of their pivotal connection to the bottom bars through the bars and 8|.

Leading off from the top and bottom ends of bars 88 and BI and rigidly secured thereto by welding, for example, are top angle bars H0 and III and bottom angle bars H2 and H3. The top edges of the bottom bars H2 and H3 are each formed with teeth I I5 and I I6, to thereby provide rack bars as they will hereinafter be termed. Each pair of oppositely disposed ends or" each of the spaced top bars and the respective spaced bottom rack bars are connected together by cross bars. For example the top bars Ho and III are joined by cross bars I20 and I2I and the bottom rack bars are connected by cross bars I22 and I23. Thus there is provided a rigid frame I6 pivotally connected by the link bars 68, SI, 62 and 63 of the first frame to the side of the tractor 20.

Mounted within the frame I6 is an oblong or rectangular rigid frame I25 having side rack bars I21 and I28 of angle iron construction, which are at substantially right angles to the rack bars H2 and H3 of the frame 16, and just short of the teeth H5 and III; of the rack bars H2 and H3 are the end bars I29 and I30 of the frame I25, see Fig. 1.

Journalled in bearings I32 and I33 secured to the center top edges of each end bar I29 and I35 is an elongated pinion shaft I35. On each end of the shaft I35 is keyed a pinion gear I31 and i38 Figure 2, which overhangs the rack teeth H5 and H5, to thereby mesh therewith. A flexible shaft I-IIl from the dashboard IE5 is turnable by a hand crank I lI, see Fig. 13, whereby the pinion shaft I35 is rotated with the pinions I31 and I38 and thus moves the frame in one direction or the other along the rack bars H2 and H3. This movement of the frame I25 has a particular function as it carries and positions the raising andlowering mechanism for the saw 48. This raising and lowering mechanism is generally designated I59 and is shown in detail in Figure 8, and is pivotally linked to the bracket 5I on the hereinbefore described cylindrical housing 50 by bracket 51 and link 55.

The angle iron rack bars I27 and I28 have mounted thereon a slidable head I52 comprising a pairof plates I53 and I54 which is a part of 6r welded to h side; air fare hor'fiorital legs 151 These plates are substan; rr'a'nge'd to "traverse along thele ngthof -the lgs V of-a pinionshaft rwioimlaueq in bearings m. The ends of the pinion shaft fltll each have pinioh gears F814 fa-Iid 165 Keyed thereto "in *hiesh v'v hfthe tee'th t me lttof 'the rack-bars +21 1-2 8 respectively. :Ifiu S the-entire Saw 'h'ou's m 'a saw ifmaybe moved-back and forth fFor 'ekanipletlfe Fheafd F52, see Fig. 8; tallies i at its other eh'dtdthe bracket I carried by the" 51am 158 by the rotation 0 in the frain'e the cyllhder' F59 stops below the gear "Wheel I81. so as to leave a "spaee *to "thereby expose the sleeve "1 $2 "and the' cylinder ['90 has secured to this 'en'davvol'm 'gear l94,-as by a key I95. A wormsh'aft t9? isjou'rnalled in the "wall of easing I10 and a bearing ISti'riside the casing. This worm'shaft'pioj'ectsthrough the-wall of the cas in'g'l'lil to the' 'out'sidethereof and connects with a universal joint 29!) and a flexible shaft L The 'flexible shaft '2! "leads to thedashboard ahd the hand. crank-102. Byh1rning the shaft 2M the worm ge'ar f94isrotated and thus inipartsrota-tion' tothe cylinder 'Hmthe bottom of which is 'secured-to' thebifurcated' bracket -54 pivoted 'to the upper-part of-brack'etSl on the saw housing 56. -A* substantial one quarter-turn of=-the :worm gear 194 will put the saw shaft 41 substantially parallel'to the drive shaft 26 by wringing the same from the'position shovvnin 1 tojzhe position shown in Figures 16 @1 d 17.

This alignment of the saw shaft dl yvith the drive shaft 26 and shaft 3 8 is made possible due they onshdvvn"inFigllre lljwhilethe'sleeve l 90* 1s rhakingane' quarter turn, that is, a'nin'ety qgfee"'$y vihg. For xambie, in higsrat, 16 are 17 link 33 Z fis rigi'dl iifiected toth'e" *deisi'de fof housing'l'50 ahdisthus arways m the same "positi on'w ith'r spec-t 'to""tlie laws-m Thelirlk 331, however, hanges" position, Ties. "16 and "'17-, since link 232 is pivoted on sleeve L90 area-1121 therefore when sleeve I90 is "restate-ea qiia'rter turn, the distafiee fim'tne pivtfioi'ilte and the ete et-nubrtne n'nk'es'z business. "so, in turn, the'lewer enter the-55in a' dfthe-link sszjFigs. IjQ'Fand 11 changes rram orlei'po'sitiohto another automatic-ally "thfou'h the latter thus imparted through 'the "sa lifiliagelidrh thequarter turnof the"sleve fl 9' Novv feffringfto li i'gilre' s"1, 4 mat, the tractor 2:; isprovldfd'vvith a'tiebiim er bar-235, which eehngcts "to thetra'to'r bdd b beams 23's and 2:31 The b'a' lhshre seemed tdthe tractortransr' i'ssi on'hiiingbyjbolts or the like, notshown, and ez ctend; atan' :upvvard slant beyond-theiront hood'andare; braced by-a V- bracket 239 secured fo the front of the hood, See Figurefi.

;The 'b'ahis :may be further braced -by a u -bracliet 240 secured to the tractor phassis; by weiamg orgthelike;sothateach leg; of the bracket 240 connects to'the n iidsection of the beams.

"Ihelt'op surface Zll see Eigure -1, may if desired be provided witha pulley bracket 2-63 and a pulley Wheel 244. Acablg-H'J is-looped around thepulley and attached to a brush rake-241. :T-his brush rake 24 is 'Very handy if the saw -48-is being; used for brush cutting, as thisprovides for collecting the'cut brush in piles f or burning, The brush rake 24] is mounted on guide rods 2'48 and 249, whicheXtend-thrgughaligned openings in transversebrace bars- 250 and ZEI-between the tines 252 of the rake. v

After' trees have been felled and stripped of their branches-the logs orstripped trunks-a re heavy and diflicult to ;handle and accordingly 1 have provided a jack 255 having a low step 256 and a high step 251, see Figure 14. It is to be used when cutting logs or felled trees to prevent pinching the saw blade, which are in resting contact at each end, such as resting on the ground or stump at one end and on the limbs of the tree or on some elevated object at the other end. For example, when the saw is started to cut through a log so supported, soon the gap formed by the cut when sawed from the top or side will begin to close and pinch the saw, thus either causing breakage of the saw parts or stalling of the motor. With the jack 255 this saw pinching is eliminated, as the jack may be inserted under the log as it is being sawed to support the log at this point and prevent the saw cut gap from closing on the saw.

The steps 256 and 251 are made relatively low and high to facilitate insertion under a log re gardless of any variations in distance above the ground. For instance, if a trunk or log has settled to only about three inches above the ground surface the high step 251 cannot go under the log, but the low step 256 may be used.

This jack is manually shiftable in and out from the side of the tractor by a crank am 260 and shaft 261 having a forked end 262. The forked end 262 fits through an actuating linkage 264, to thereby operatively connect to the floating pivotal points of a four link shifting arrangement, comprising a pivot pin 266 in a bracket 261 on a movable hollow tube 268 secured by a bracket 269 to the jack 255. Mounted on the same pivot pin 266 are diverging links 219 and 211. The free ends of these diverging links, are pivotally connected to the ends of the actuating linkage members 264 and the free ends of a second pair of links 214 and 215 diverging in the opposite direction until they pivotally mount at their respective ends on a pin 216 in a bracket 211 fixed to the tractor frame.

This bracket 211 also holds an end of a rod 289, which is smaller in circumference than the bore of the hollow tube 268. Thus by turning the crank 260 the toggle arrangement just described will move the hollow tube 268 in or out over the rod 289, so that either the lower step 256 or the high step 251 may be forced under a log.

For example, see Figure 5, when it is desired to drive shaft 282, Figs. 1 and 4, a lever 299 is shifted. This lever connects by a shaft 299 to an arm 291 of a pivoted gear carrier plate 292, which plate carries the gear 281 of the gear train. The gear 281 is mounted on an axle pin 294, which axle extends from the plate 292 on the opposite side adjacent the under surface of the top reach of belt 23. Keyed on the axle is a friction roller 295. Similarly mounted just below the axle pin 294 is another axle pin 296 to which is keyed a gear 286. The gear 286 is in mesh with the gear 281, and on the axle pin 296 spaced from the roller 295 is roller 296. These rollers 295 and 296' are arranged to alternately engage with the top and bottom reaches of the belt 23. For example, the top roller 295 engages under the top reach of the belt when lever 289 is pulled back, and when the lever is pushed forward the lower roller 296 will engage with the bottom reach of the belt. When the lower roller is in engagement rotation is imparted to shaft 282, so as to raise the jack 255, and when the upper roller 295 is in engagement with the top reach of the belt 23 the jack is lowered. As shown in Figure 5, the rollers 295 and 296' are set so as to both be out of belt engagement. As

the shaft 282 rotates it drives a screw shaft 28B,

see Fig. 14, connected by a universal joint 299 to shaft 282. The screw shaft extends in under the jack step 251 and threads through openings in a pair of cross plates 300 and 301, having right hand and left hand threaded openings therein and which are a part of the jack raising and lowering toggle system.

The plates 309 and 301 have reduced ends or pintles 392. The pintles of the plate 300 engage through openings in the ends of a pair of toggle links 394 and 305 and also through the end of the toggle actuator link 306. This actuator link contains an elongated slot 398 in which the pintles of plate 301 are adapted to ride, while the other end of the link 306 is pivoted on a pin 399 togetherwith the end of a pair of toggle links 310 and 311.

Each diverging end of each link 394 and 305 and 310 and 311 is pivoted on a pin in a framework made in two sections, such as 315 and 316. Their inner frame section 315 is Z-shaped so as to be an integral part of the low and high steps 256 and 251, and the ends of links 394 and 310 are pivotally connected thereto on pins 318, while the frame section 316 serves as the base of the jack and the links 305 and 31 1 are pivoted thereto on pins 320.

The jack raising screw shaft 298 is driven through the universal joint 299 connected to one end by shaft 282, and this screw shaft is formed with right hand threads 321 from the other end thereof to a point intermediate the plates 399 and 391. The right hand threads screw through the right hand threaded openings in plate 309. From this intermediate point the shaft 298 is formed with left hand threads 322, which thread through the said left hand threaded opening in plate 391. Thus when screw shaft 298 is turned to the left it pulls plate 301 toward the side of the tractor and pushes plate 309 away from it, thereby causing the toggle links 394 and 395 on each side of the jack to form a substantiall straight line and raise the frame section 315 from the base section 316. As this is done bar 396 will cause the toggle links 310 and 311 to similarly straighten into alignment as the pintles 305 move along slot 398 to cause the entire jack top to raise evenly.

In this position a log on the step 251 is sufliciently elevated to be sawed into boards. Thus it is seen that the jack 255 has horizontal motion and also a limited vertical raising action for positioning cut logs. The entire jack may be raised up by a hand lever 339 mounted on an elongated roller 331. The roller 331 is journalled i at one end in a jack supporting frame 334 and at the other end in the tractor frame. The tractor frame at the journal point for roller 331 supports an arcuate rack 335, which is secured to the tractor frame by bolts 336. The lever 330 swings adjacent the rack 335 and may be locked to any shifted position by a dog 338 operated by handle 339.

In Figure '7 of the drawings is shown a modification of the gear train for driving the shaft 282, which instead of the pulley 283 mounts a gear 341 and the gear carrier plate 292 includes straps 342 and 343 to journal a worm shaft 344. The gears 281 and 286 are the same, except that gear 286 has mounted on its shaft a bevel gear 345 instead of a pulley. This bevel gear meshes with a second bevel gear 346 keyed on the end of worm shaft 344. Thus a worm shaft or bevel gear arrangement may be substituted for a belt and pulley drive.

assess? he ma ine. is. perated; e tir lrf m. the drivers seat and for the mostpart by the con; trols in the dashboard. Ltfi. Flonexample, to cut down a tree the tractor 2B is driven'fso as to engage the bumper 235 with a tree trunk and the saw 48 is'positionedfor. the desired elevation from the ground-by turning control II! I 's ef'iigs. Lafldiz 'Kfter adjusting ofheight the saw housing 55) may be movedlongitud-inally along the fs'ide of the tractor or in or out from the s ide turning shaftsddfl or I58 by means 'of -cranks M-l time mountedin the dashboard lflil. v Power is supplied through shaft 26 to rotate thesaw 48- throughbevelgars '43: and 45 lithe transmission housing 44-. By "unlocking and turning cionftrol lltthe saw is put intdtreE-c'uttiiig position, as shown in Fig cs "and I7. AfterI tl-ie tree has been felled, it"fri ay betriinined b y' turning shaft 29 t-by crank 28.2 and the wean ge'ar [Q4 is rotated approximately a one 'duai'ter turn, to thereby swing. apart the housing 4| and position the saw start llj'into substantial alignment with the telescopic dr v shaft 233 When in this position the saw blade48'is vertical from the ground and the linkage chain 231 will automatically hold the section 2!! of the transmission housing 4|, see Figures ll and 16, approximately 180 degrees out from the drive shaft 26. With the saw 38 in this position limbs can be cut off either side of the tree alongside of the tractor by turning the control crank I59.

Each of the several controls may, if desired, be provided with cable latch operators 351, such as the well known Bowden wire cables, operable from dashboard N35. The end of each cable being connected to a locking dog adapted to be moved into and out of engagement with the gear teeth of each of the several gears on the ends of control shafts M5, M58, I11 and H. An example of this locking arrangement is shown in Fig. 19, and comp-rises a Bowden wire cable connected to a locking dog 358, slidable in a bracket 359 formed as a part of or welded to the head lit, shown in Fig. 8, so the dog meshes with teeth I66.

The use of the brush rake seems obvious and accordingly it is thought that without further description the operation of the machine is clearly understandable.

While there has been shown and described only one embodiment of the machine, except for the detailed modification shown in Figure 7, it is to be expressly understood that the same is not limited thereto but may be embodied in various other mechanical forms. Reference will be had to the appended claims for a definition of the limits of the invention.

I claim:

1. A tractor having a dashboard with a plurality of controls, take-off pulleys, a drive shaft 10 c eia l e themes a gea t a n.- ali ve by. sa d at-t a dr ve sha t. dr ven. aid: ear ra n. a a e ecur d: n the e Offaid dr n shaft 1 housin er ai se t trai a housin e e o ed o w s ticns r e ed: toget e n 91f s i e t ns e assie m unt a gea om. aid ive shamansth otl sr q y eii se ti n vng. o. m unt ea n este 9 sa dr v i i an. elpnsa ed hime -a es d. 1 .1. hah Sec red, a d s eci pit s y. 11951 191 ns m ans tqt l onsent 9 a d linder and supported from the s aidtractor, and means cp ne te to a d.- s Qn bl by n o a d hoard: contml es esigif a 1 91? ai were. as -d re i eafititeere e he th r y itipa aid s w r m 9. s sli Pla e 9 noth and wa ts;

ting plane.

A actor av n da h ea aw ii a Pil rality of controls, tah'erfoff a drive. shaft rotatable e ebi'g a ear. na s driven a d shatt, a drivenshaft driven'by;

said sections serving. to then drive, shaft an tlieijother of; said ing to mount a. gear. '00

tion said saw from one cutting plane to another, control shafts rotatable from said dashboard adapted to move said saw positioning means longitudinally along the side of the tractor or in and out from the side thereof, whereby said saw is positioned as desired with respect to the side of the tractor in said established cutting plane, and latch means adjacent each control shaft adapted to lock said saw positioning means in various adjusted positions.

3. A portable saw mill comprising a tractor with a motor, a power take-01f pulley driven by said motor, a second pulley, an endless belt drivably connecting said pulleys, a shaft driven by said second pulley, a gear on the other end of said shaft, a second gear in mesh with said first gear, said second gear being keyed to a driven shaft having a saw mounted on an end thereof, whereby said saw is rotated by said gears, means for adjusting said saw to various positions from the side of the tractor and to varying heights above the ground for efficient sawing of logs or the like into boards, and an auxiliary drive adapted to be alternately connected to the upper or lower belt sections to impart forward and reverse rotation to the rear axle of the tractor at a relatively slower speed than possible with the conventional drive of the tractor, whereby the tractor may move back and forth so as to feed the saw back and forth along the length of the log or the like being sawed into boards, said auxiliary drive comprising a plate rockably mounted on a pin extending from the side of the tractor between the upper and lower sections of the said belt, a pair of spaced shafts extending from the plate one above the other, a combined gear and roller mounted on each of said shafts. said gears being in mesh, means for rocking said plate toward one or the other of the upper or lower belt sections to thereby engage the upper roller with the upper belt section and the lower roller with the lower belt section, a driven shaft rotatable by one of said gears, and means mounted on the rear axle of the tractor connected to said driven shaft adapted to impart rotation to the gear axle of the tractor as the gears are rotated by their respective rollers.

4. A portable saw mill comprising a tractor with a motor, a power take-off pulley driven by said motor, a second pulley, an endless belt drivably connecting said pulleys, a shaft driven by said second pulley a gear on the other end oi said shaft, a second gear in mesh with said first gear, said second gear being keyed to a driven shaft having a saw mounted on an end thereof, whereby said saw is rotated by said gears, means for adjusting said saw to various positions from the side of the tractor and to varying heights above the ground for efiicient sawing of logs or the like into boards, and an auxiliary drive adapted to be alternately connected to the upper or lower belt sections to impart forward and reverse rotation to the rear axle of the tractor at a relatively slower speed than possible with the conventional drive of the tractor, whereby the tractor may move back and forth so as to feed the saw back and forth along the length of the log or the like being sawed into boards, said auxiliary drive comprising a plate rockably mounted on a pin extending from the side of the tractor between the upper and lower sections of the said belt, a pair of spaced shafts extending from the plate one above the other, a combined gear and roller mounted on each of said shafts, said gears 12 being in mesh, means for rocking said plate toward one or the other of the upper or lower belt sections to thereby engage the upper roller with the upper belt section and the lower roller with the lower belt section, a driven shaft rotatable by one of said gears, and a chain and sprocket drive including a sprocket mounted on said rear axle of the tractor and a second sprocket on said driven shaft, whereby rotation is imparted to the rear axle of the tractor as the gears are rotated by their respective rollers.

RICHARD J. FAULKNER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 145,499 Greenough Dec. 16, 1873 853,564 Priest May 14, 1907 972,517 Diamond Oct. 11, 1910 1,028,992 Campbell June 11, 1912 1,243,189 Krausch et al. Oct. 16, 1917 1,389,970 Noel Sept. 6, 1921 1,602,357 Georgelis Oct. 5, 1926 1,901,915 Loughridge Mar. 21, 1933 2,187,707 Kane Jan. 16, 1940 2,312,287 Renner Feb. 23, 1943 2,330,996 Rivers Oct. 5, 1943 2,332,526 Pehel Oct. 26, 1943 2,354,625 Van Sickle July 25, 1944 2,365,408 Hillyer Dec. 19, 1944 2,411,623 Jaques Nov. 26, 1946 2,411,624 Jaques Nov. 26, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date France Nov. 4, 1931 

